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mom and newborn after vaginal birth

Committee opinion: Approaches to Limit Intervention During Labor and Birth.

February 2017.https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2019/02/approaches-to-limit-intervention-during-labor-and-birthOpens a new window[Accessed October 2023]

ACOG.

Births Methods of Delivery.https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/delivery.htmOpens a new window[Accessed October 2023]

Gupta JK, et al.

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Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia.

Stages of labor.https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/stages-of-labor.aspxOpens a new window[Accessed October 2023]

March of Dimes.

Vaginal birth after cesarean.https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/vaginal-birth-after-cesareanOpens a new window[Accessed October 2023]

Mayo Clinic.

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U.S. Office on Womens Health.https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/labor-and-birthOpens a new window[Accessed October 2023]

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mom in bathtub holding her newborn baby

Couple in bathtub with newborn baby postpartum

baby with umbilical cord getting delivered

woman in the final stage of labor

phone with BabyCenter app

Kate Marple